Understanding Your Energy Bill: Environmental Charges
9 May 2023
Understanding Environmental Charges on Your Energy Bill: FiT, RO and CCL Explained
This is the second article in our Understanding Your Energy Bills series. In this guide, we focus on environmental charges that appear on UK electricity bills and explain what FiT charges are, what RO charges are, and what CCL charges are -- and why businesses pay them.
What Are Environmental Charges on Energy Bills?
In 2019, the UK government committed to achieving net zero carbon emissions by 2050. To support this target, several environmental and renewable energy schemes were introduced.
These schemes are funded through environmental charges that are built into electricity and gas bills for households and businesses. While the charges may look small individually, together they can make up a noticeable proportion of overall energy costs.
What Are FiT Charges?
FiT charges relate to the Feed-in Tariff (FiT) scheme, which was designed to encourage households and businesses to generate their own renewable electricity, such as solar or wind power.
Under the FiT scheme, participants received payments for:
- Generating electricity (generation tariff)
- Exporting surplus electricity back to the grid (export tariff)
Although the scheme closed to new applicants, it is still funded through electricity bills.
How FiT Charges Affect Businesses
Businesses that do not generate their own electricity contribute to the cost of the scheme via FiT charges, which are applied as a surcharge on electricity consumption.
- Typically around 0.80–0.90p per kWh
- May vary slightly by supplier
- Mandatory for all suppliers to include
This is why FiT charges appear even if your business does not use renewable generation.
What Are RO Charges?
RO charges relate to the Renewables Obligation (RO) scheme, introduced in April 2002. The scheme required electricity suppliers to source a set proportion of their electricity from renewable generation.
Suppliers complied by purchasing Renewables Obligation Certificates (ROCs) from renewable generators. The more electricity a supplier sold, the more ROCs they were required to buy.
How RO Charges Are Calculated
The cost of purchasing ROCs is passed on to customers through RO charges on electricity bills.
- Charges vary slightly by supplier
- Between April 2022 and March 2023, RO charges were typically £30–£35 per MWh
RO charges remain one of the larger environmental cost components on business electricity bills.
What Are CCL Charges?
CCL charges refer to the Climate Change Levy (CCL), a government tax introduced in April 2001. It applies to most businesses and public sector organisations that use energy.
The purpose of the levy is to encourage improved energy efficiency and reduced carbon emissions.
Current CCL Rates
CCL is charged on energy consumption at fixed government-set rates, including:
- Electricity: £0.00775 per kWh
- Natural gas: £0.00672 per kWh
Unlike other charges on your bill:
- CCL rates are not set by suppliers
- The rate is the same regardless of supplier
- Changes are determined by government policy
How Is CCL Revenue Used?
Revenue from CCL charges is used to:
- Fund energy efficiency initiatives
- Support renewable energy projects
- Compensate energy-intensive industries for increased operating costs
CCL Exemptions
Some organisations may qualify for partial or full exemption from CCL, depending on:
- How and where energy is used
- Consumption levels (de minimis limits)
- Eligibility under Climate Change Agreements (CCAs)
Understanding what FiT charges are, what RO charges are, and what CCL charges are helps businesses gain clarity over the environmental costs included in their energy bills.
While these charges are largely unavoidable, understanding them can:
- Improve bill transparency
- Highlight exemption opportunities
- Support better energy and cost management decisions
Does Your Business Need Help Reviewing Environmental Charges?
If you’d like to know whether your business may be eligible for CCL exemptions, or if you want a clearer breakdown of the charges on your energy bill, Seemore Energy is here to help.
📧 Contact us for guidance and support and we’ll be happy to review your bills and explain your options.
Contact Us for advice or assistance with your energy bills
Ever since the Summer of 2021, energy prices have been above their historical levels. Whilst the initial spike created by the Russia/Ukraine conflict was short-lived, prices never fully returned to their pre-conflict levels. More recently, the first quarter of 2024 saw some reprieve as wholesale prices dropped, but prices rose by over 150% between February of 2024 and February 2025.
By Adam Novakovic Whilst November’s budget may have disappointed businesses hoping for governmental assistance in the battle against high energy prices, the wholesale market offered some hope. With the mandated need for EU nations to replenish their reserves now in the rear-view mirror, buying pressure dissipated, and there were many positive stories that helped send prices downwards. The first half of the month saw small rises and drops that largely cancelled each other out, but from November 18 th through to the 28 th , wholesale gas prices fell approximately 12% and reached their lowest levels since July’24. There is normally a slight delay before the wholesale price drops are passed on to the end user, but for those with contract expiry dates in the next 6 months, the coming weeks may present opportunities to obtain quotes at rates more favourable than at any other point in 2025. One of the main reasons for optimism regarding future gas supplies is the peace talks being held between Russia and Ukraine. Any formal deal will almost certainly include a lifting of sanctions on Russian gas sales and provide a significant supply boost to the global market. However, there may still be obstacles to overcome before any peace plan is finalised with Ukraine and Russia both unwilling to concede territory.
By Adam Novakovic With many British businesses struggling to navigate the challenges that soaring energy costs have had on their ability to compete internationally, there was a sense of optimism that the government would introduce measures designed to alleviate the pressure that many companies have been burdened with. As we close out 2025, Energy costs are typically within the top 3 overheads for any business operating from commercial property & rising costs are fast becoming the most significant risk to sustainability, which has far wider impacts to the UK economy. Unfortunately, no such measures were forthcoming and the announcement fell flat for those that need it most. Hopes of expanding the NCC or EII discounts to further sectors, or reducing VAT levels on gas and electricity, turned to disappointment, as only minor changes were announced. One such change was the government’s decision to abolish the Energy Company Obligation (ECO) and to fund a substantial portion of Renewables Obligation costs through general taxation. Although these measures are aimed at easing pressures on domestic consumers, they also remove some of the cost drivers within the wider energy system. With fewer policy-driven levies feeding into wholesale and supplier operating costs, businesses may experience a modest dampening effect on future price rises, although this is unlikely to translate into immediate or substantial reductions in commercial tariffs. The Budget did reinforce the government’s commitment to green investment through its updated Green Financing Framework, which will fund green expenditures that tackle climate change, rebuild natural ecosystems and support jobs in green sectors. While this is unlikely to have any short-term impact on energy costs, one small positive -- when compared to previous green schemes -- is that this programme will be funded by the issuance of gilts and bonds, rather than passing the cost on to suppliers who invariably pass the cost on to the end users. Despite the need for assistance with rising energy costs, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), many of which remain exposed to fixed-term contracts negotiated during the recent price spikes, are not going to see any immediate relief, and the accountability seems to remain solely at the door of the business owners to find their own ways to minimise costs.
The ever-increasing standing charge By Adam Novakovic While finding ways to decrease consumption can help lower your electricity and gas bills, many of the savings accrued through reduced consumption can be seemingly wiped out by constantly increasing standing charges -- charges that end-users have no control over. As standing charges continue to rise, we take a look at the reasons behind this and whether this trend is set to continue. What are standing charges? A standing charge is the fixed daily fee you pay for your utilities before you’ve used a single unit of gas or electricity. The intention behind the standing charge is that it covers aspects of the energy network that require funds regardless of usage levels, such as: National Grid and local network costs Supplier operating costs and smart metering Some industry and government policy schemes A recent government consultation found that around half of the typical electricity standing charge is made up of network costs alone, with a further quarter linked to operating and industry costs.
October Review By Adam Novakovic In the month of Halloween, October energy price movements were free of jump-scares. Whilst prices moved up slightly at the start of the month, they marginally decreased throughout the remainder of October. Ending the month slightly below the levels seen at the end of September. The expectation this month was that European gas reserves would be the key story impacting energy prices. The European Network for Transmission System Operators for Gas (ENTSOG) released their report on the Winter supply outlook. This confirmed that Europe is well prepared for the coming winter, with 83 % gas reserves recorded as of the 1 st of October, and infrastructure resilient enough to meet demand without Russian pipeline gas. Their projections had Europe ending the winter season with over 30% storage even in the most severe scenarios. There is also the expectation that any unforeseen supply disruptions can be mitigated through increased LNG imports -- supporting the EU’s goal of phasing out Russian gas while emphasising continually reducing demand. During the first week of October Russia launched a wave of drone attacks against Ukraine -- the largest since the war began. These strikes have damaged Ukrainian gas production and left storage at 42% of capacity. This has forced Ukraine to look at importing large quantities of LNG from Europe this winter. With the deal that brought Russian gas to Europe now expired, Europe faces added demand pressure. This comes despite Europe significantly reducing Russian gas imports and increasing LNG imports from other nations. With there currently being a large quantity of LNG available for importation, and with EU gas reserves being in a healthy position, it seems as though further conflict may not have a large impact on energy prices. This could change however if Europe were to experience a particularly cold winter.
With government-imposed charges making up an increasing percentage of business energy bills, it is becoming difficult for many UK industries to remain competitive in international markets. This led to the introduction of the British Industry Supercharger (BIS). A scheme for energy-intensive businesses that aims to counteract many of the government-imposed environmental levies and the rising transmission charges. In this article, we cover how it works and what your business needs to know to benefit from it. What is the British Industry Supercharger? Launched on the 1st April 2024, the British Industry Supercharger is a strategic package of relief measures aimed at energy‐intensive industries (EIIs) such as steel, metals, chemicals, cement, glass and paper. The aim is to reduce electricity non‐commodity costs so UK foundational industries can compete with businesses in nations with lower energy costs. The BIS is comprised of 3 sections: 1. Relief from Renewable Levies This provides businesses with exemptions from paying Renewables Obligation (RO), Feed-in Tariff (FiT), and Contracts for Difference (CfD). These charges were added to invoices in order to fund green-power generation. Under the Supercharger, eligible EIIs can receive up to 100% exemption from these charges. 2. Network Charging Cost Compensation This offers discounts on electricity network charges - including Transmission Network Use of System (TNUoS) and Distribution Use of System (DUoS) fees. These fees cover the cost of maintaining the national grid and distribution networks, but can represent a large proportion of industrial energy bills. The BIS introduces a Network Charging Compensation (NCC) mechanism, reimbursing eligible firms for around 60% of these costs. 3. Capacity Market Exemption The scheme offers eligible business a full exemption from Capacity Market charges. The Capacity Market is funded through indirect charges on electricity bills with the aim of funding generators to ensure they are available during supply-peaks.
Why UK Energy Prices Keep On Rising… And what it means to manufacturing and engineering companies over the next few years Over the past decade, UK energy prices have changed dramatically. Not only in terms of overall cost but also in how those costs are made up. Ten years ago, the largest part of a business electricity bill came from the commodity element: the wholesale price of electricity. Non-commodity charges -- often used to support the infrastructure of the electricity grid or government energy policies -- were relatively modest. In 2013, the typical breakdown of electricity costs for a business user was around 60–65% commodity and 35–40% non-commodity. Today, that picture has flipped. For many manufacturers, non-commodity charges now make up over 60% of the total bill, with the non-commodity percentage of the bill increasing each year. This shift explains why energy bills have remained stubbornly high, even during periods when wholesale prices fell. Grid reinforcement, renewable subsidies, and balancing costs have grown year on year, with these costs baked into every unit of power consumed, regardless of wholesale prices.
In the last decade, over 50 UK energy suppliers have gone out of business. With Tomato Energy being issued with a provisional order this week, it seems as though their name will be the latest to be added to the list of defunct suppliers including Bulb, Avro, and Spark Energy. For customers of a supplier that is on the brink of going out of business, this can be a scary time, but there is a process in place to ensure they are not at risk of losing their supply. Who is responsible? OFGEM (The Office of Gas and Electricity Markets) are a non-ministerial government department tasked with regulating the energy markets and networks. In cases where a supplier goes out of business, OFGEM provide a safety net to ensure that customers supply won’t be disrupted. What is the process? OFGEM may elect to appoint an administrator. If this is the path they choose, then no action is necessary from the supplier’s customers. At some point, the administrator may choose to shut down the supplier, at which point, all existing customers will be moved to a new supplier of the administrator’s choosing.
Market-Wide Half-Hourly Settlement (MHHS) What is MHHS? MHHS stands for Market-Wide Half-Hourly Settlement. Currently, most electricity is billed based on estimates or meter reads that can be provided monthly, quarterly, or sporadically. With MHHS, electricity consumption will be accounted for and billed in 30-minute blocks. The idea is that with more precise, time-based data, suppliers and networks can match supply and demand more accurately. This helps reduce waste and allow more flexibility in how electricity is used across the system. Who does it apply to? Previously, only large industrial and commercial users needed to have half-hourly meters, but MHHS is intended to apply across the whole electricity market in Great Britain. This includes domestic consumers, small businesses, large industrial users, and everything in between. That means most electricity users will be indirectly affected, even if they don’t see anything change in how their meter looks, the rules behind billing and settlement will shift behind the scenes.
September Review By Adam Novakovic We have reached the time of year where the summer months have started to fade and we begin to think about the colder seasons. This month saw the UK government recognise Palestine as a country, although they still seem unable to recognise the harm their energy policies are causing UK businesses. With further charges set to be added to UK energy bills and rising non-commodity costs, it was a relief that wholesale energy prices remained fairly flat throughout September. A recent report from independent analysts Cornwall Insights revealed that large energy users who aren’t covered by Government schemes could find that they are paying a further £450,000/year in non-commodity costs by 2030. With non-commodity costs such as DUOS and TUOS charges –which are used to fund the infrastructure responsible for the transmission of electricity – now accounting for over 2/3rds of total electricity costs for some businesses, it is of growing concern that these charges are set to continue rising. With the TUOS charges for 26/27 expected to increase significantly , the non-commodity charges are starting to have a negative impact on UK businesses ability to compete against foreign businesses with fewer governmental charges on their energy bills. This growing concern is yet to be addressed but could have a huge impact on many industries in the next year.